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	<title>COSMOGLOTTA Biblioteca</title>
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		<title>Reminiscenties de un Veteran Mundlinguiste</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2008/04/28/reminiscenties-de-un-veteran-mundlinguiste/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 00:07:43 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[A. Matejka]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Biografie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[E. de Wahl]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Esperanto]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[Ido]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[L. M. de Guesnet]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 OFFICIAL ORGAN MENSUAL DEL INTERLINGUE-UNION   Redaction e Administration
REMINISCENTIES DE UN VETERAN MUNDLINGUISTE
Pro que yo ja es un old mundlinguist, quel consacrat ja 45 annus de su l&#237;ber t&#233;mpor a propaganda e practica del international lingue, quelc amicos petit me scrir reminiscenties queles va interessar tis queles labora por li sam scope e [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p align="center">OFFICIAL ORGAN MENSUAL DEL INTERLINGUE-UNION   <br />Redaction e Administration</p>
<h2><font color="#0000ff">REMINISCENTIES DE UN VETERAN MUNDLINGUISTE</font></h2>
<p align="justify"><strong>Pro que yo ja es un old mundlinguist, quel consacrat ja 45 annus de su l&#237;ber t&#233;mpor a propaganda e practica del international lingue, quelc amicos petit me scrir reminiscenties queles va interessar tis queles labora por li sam scope e dar les li profites de un long experientie.</strong></p>
<p align="justify">Mi vive de mundolinguist comensat in februar <strong>1906</strong> e quande, pro instigation de un camarado, yo apertet por li prim vez un manuale de Esperanto, yo certmen ne credet que li mundlingue vell prender un tant important plazza in mi vive.</p>
<p align="justify">Pro un hasard extraordinari, in sam t&#233;mpor quande yo hat comensat li studie de Esperanto, esset fundat in Chartres, u yo habitat, un Esperanto-grupo de quel, con mi amico Ren&#233; Isambert, nu pensionat, chef-guvernator del colonias, yo devenit secretario. Rapidmen yo havet un vivid corespondentie con extrania; yo colaborat in pluri esperantistic rev&#250;es, inter queles &quot;Tra la Mondo&quot; de capitan Cap&#233;-Monstrosier e yo partiprendet in li elaboration del Dictionarium Francesi-Esperanto del Presa Esperantista Societo.</p>
<p align="justify">In <strong>1907</strong> yo translocat a Paris e devenit un fervid membre del Pariza Esperanto-grupo, e tande yo audit, por li prim vez, parlar del Delegation por li adoption de un lingue auxiliari international e de su labores.</p>
<p align="justify">Yo confesse que yo aprendet Esperanto pro que it esset LI lingue international, li unic pri quel yo audit, nam li aspecte del lingue de Zamenhof ne esset tre plesent e yo constatat su artificialit&#225; e su tre mult defectes, precipue por aprendentes con solmen elementari instruction. Ma yo havet duant annus . . . a li fide . . .; yo conosset null altri sistema e savet necos del interlinguistic scientie. <font color="#804040">Si yo vell har conosset li existentie de Idiom Neutral, li lingue elaborat del Academie de Volalpuk e quel havet solmen un tre litt gruppe de pioneros, yo vell certmen har aprendet ne Esperanto, ma Neutral, mult plu international, de quel li existentie esset por me, plu tard, un revelation.</font></p>
<p align="justify">Poy yo departet de Paris por viver in London u yo logiat che un Esperantisto, sr. J.W. Baxter, quel devenit plu tard secretario del Britana Ido-Societo.</p>
<p align="justify">In april <strong>1908</strong> yo audit pri Ido. Li nov lingue corectet li max grav defectes de Esperanto e on promisset mem ameliorar it: &quot;<em>nequande perfect, sempre perfectibil</em>&quot;. Yo adheret a Ido e, pos un lucta durante du mensus, yo convertet amico Baxter.</p>
<p align="justify">Retroveniente in Francia in august 1908 por esser soldat, yo laborat sempre por li L.I. Interim, yo conossentat un litt poligrafat rev&#250;e, hod&#237;e introvabil, &quot;Korespoondens Internasional&quot; publicat de sr. Adam Miller in Carlisle, in quel li max divers autores discusset pri questiones interlinguistic. In li ultim numer&#243;, publicat in marte 1908, yo trovat un articul de sr. Meysmans (Bruxelles), in su propri dialecte, <strong>&quot;Kritike de Ido&quot;</strong> in quel yo trovat li sequent frases:</p>
<blockquote><p align="justify">&quot;Ido ripoza sur ecelent bazes. . .      <br />I. - Radikes. Ili es generali tre boni selektat. . .       <br />II. Derivat vokables. . .       <br />Ci principes esa d&#8217;un ne atakiblo logike. . .      <br />Sembla ke per tal fundamentes (ecelent radikare e ecelent deriveprincipes) on deva obtenar un lingue preski perfekt. E tamen ce esa nuli. . .       <br />1. Li lingue kontena ankor tro multo volapukismes: ce esa vokables que ne es pruntat al natural lingues, sed imaginat per l&#8217;autore. Li pluparte del gramatikal vokabules es plu o min arbitrial o tro forti modifikat por povar komprenesar par un persone qui ne studyava li lingue. . . Li nimediat komprenibilitee esa un grand atraktite por li sucese d&#8217;un nov lingue. . .      <br />2. Li gramatikal formes del lingue es mali selektat. Li absurd esperantal finales (O e A), li substantival plurale in -i, li a-priori formes del verbe-konjuge, l&#250;ze del auxiliare ESAR por li komposat tempes, omno ce es kontro al principe del maxime de internacionalitee. . .      <br />3. Li sufixes e prefixes esa anki mal. Ido esa nejust konservanti li arbitral esperantal sufixes e prifixes. . . Omno sufixes e prefixes del lingue devaria esar selektat segun li principe del internacionalitee. . .      <br />4. Li regulozitee del vokable-formize produca derivates que es ofte tro artificial, desfacil por komprenesar e kelkafoye mem tuti ridable (homaro). L&#8217;artificialitee esa neeviteblo in un reguloz lingue. Li regulozitee esa fatali ne-natural. . . tamen es posiblo diminutar li male, adoptante specal radikas por remplasar li tro artificial derivates precipue quandi li es tre uzat o quandi exista un vokable absoluti internacional, koncat par omno o preski omno peples. . . etc.&quot;</p>
</blockquote>
<p align="justify">Yo esset mult seductet del id&#233;s de Meysmans e fat con le un essay de projecte por reposir Ido sur li bon via. Sr. Couturat respondet me que Ido es sempre perfectibil, ma que certmen esset interessant coses in nor projecte. Anc prof. Otto Jespersen scrit me un analog response.</p>
<p align="justify">Poy, quietat per ti responses e esperante vider evoluer Ido a plu natural formas, yo departet a Italia in octobre 1909 e con prof. Paolo Lusana noi fundat un Ido-grupo in Biella; yo retrovenit a Paris in may <strong>1911</strong>. Rapidmen yo devenit un ex li max activ pioneros de Ido e sequet li labores del Ido-Akadem&#237;o.</p>
<p align="justify">In <strong>1912</strong>, yo esset electet membre del comit&#233; del <u>Ido-Uniono</u> e poy evenit li guerre. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Ma, benque idistic pionero, yo esset sempre interessat del evolution interlinguistic, e yo sequet li labores de Ing. W. Rosenberger, ex president del Akademi Internasional de Lingu Universal e principal autor del Neutral. Il habitat in St. Petersburg e pos articules in li rev&#250;e &quot;Progress&quot; e discussiones con Edgar de Wahl, il publicat in <strong>1913</strong> li <u>Reform-Neutral</u>, projecte mult plu international quam Ido e plu natural quam <u>Neutral</u>, ja in direction de Occidental ma quel havet un derivation tre complicat, nam on obtenet li derivates verbal sovente per du divers radicas. In ti epoca, li problema del regulari e natural derivation ancor ne hat esset soluet de de Wahl, quel trovat li solution solmen in <strong>1922</strong>.</p>
<p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000">Pos li guerre noi havet altri problemas a discusser quam linguistic questiones. Noi esset obligat combatter e impedir li Esperantistes, queles usat sempre li sam metodes: fals nova pri li adoption de Esperanto del Soviet-Union, poy sam fals information pri li Lida del Nationes, ataccas per li radiofonie, etc., etc.</font></p>
<p align="justify">Noi ariva a <strong>1922</strong> con un serie de nov factes. In prim publication del unesim numer&#243; de Kosmoglott e del lingue Occidental. Ti nov projecte plesa me mult, ma in ti epoca it esset solmen un teoric projecte, sin manuales e sin organisation.</p>
<p align="justify">Yo sequet su developation. . .</p>
<p align="justify">In <strong>1923</strong>, in li Ido-Congress de Cassel, yo incontra Edgar de Wahl, e esperante que li periode de stabilit&#225; de Ido va finir e que on va posser discusser, yo crede que li idistes va profitar ti labores. Occidental sembla me un lingue natural, ma &#237;nregulari e desfacil. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Yo opinet que on vell posser reformar Ido: elider li finale del substantive, conjugar per haver, etc., etc.</p>
<p align="justify">Interim, Occidental comensa su movement. In <strong>1925</strong>, li idistic gruppes de Wien e Brno adopte li nov lingue e in li Idistic Congress de Praha <strong>1926</strong>, de quel yo es president, yo audi un letura de Ing. Eng. Pigal, quel ne convicte me. Yo reveni credente que Ido es plu facil por aprender e usar.</p>
<p align="justify">In <strong>1927</strong>, on comensa discusser in li central idistic rev&#250;e <strong>MONDO</strong>. Yo proposi modificationes in un articul scrit in may, ma publicat solmen li 1-im august. Noi have in Paris li West Europan Ido Conferentie u on remarca li lucta inter li conservatives (de Beaufront, Noetzli) e li progressistes. In ti moment yo recive li Nr&#243; 41 del Occidental-rev&#250;e COSMOGLOTTA, e yo trova in it un articul <em>LI OVRE DE DE WAHL</em> (reeditet sub li titul <em>ESSENTIE DE OCCIDENTAL</em>) de Ing. Pigal. Ti articul esset por me li &quot;<em>via de Damas</em>&quot; e determinat mi conversion. In it yo trovat li explication complet e detalliat del mecanisme de Occidental - quel yo conosset solmen per fragmentes, e sin ver bon ordinat argumentes. <strong><font color="#ff8040">Ta yo decovrit que de Wahl ha finalmen trovat li sistema quel on serchat desde li comensa del mundolingues: un derivation quel permisse retrovar REGULARIMEN li international paroles sin deformation, ni mutilation. De Wahl pos har perserchat li lexicos e mult experimentat, hat trovat li &#237;nataccabil solultion. . .</font></strong></p>
<p align="justify">Inmediatmen, yo scrit le por presentar objectiones. <u>Yo havet li cap plenat del superlogic derivation</u> e questionat: &quot;Ma qualmen yo posse trovar li rect sufix de action? Esque yo deve dir usa, usation, usada, usament, etc.? It es tro desfacil, it es tro complicat. . .&quot;.</p>
<p align="justify">De Wahl respondet me: &quot;<em>Vu posse dir secun vor gust, it have null importantie, nam es solmen nuancies, quam in francesi: calcul e calculation, appel e appellation etc. e in li ordinari conversation on ne tant egarda to. Ples sequer li lege de custom e analogie</em>&quot;.</p>
<p align="justify">Per to desaparit li objection del desfacilit&#225; de usation. Yo departet in vacanties li 12 august <strong>1927</strong> e quande yo retrovenit in Paris yo esset convictet Occidentalist. Yo hat aprendet li lingue solmen per li Radicarium Explicativ, li Clave e quelc numer&#243;s de Cosmoglotta, nam existet null manuale de aprension. Yo esset stupefat de mi rapid progresses e yo posset scrir in maniere suficentmen corect pos circa duanti hores de labor. E tamen yo havet un special desfacilit&#225;: mi excellent saventie e current practica de Ido e de su superlogic formes, dunc mult plu desfacilit&#225;s quam un studiant quel nequande ha aprendet artificial derivation. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Circa li 15 septembre, yo havet in Paris li visita del Ing. Deminger de Wien, quel ne posset parlar francesi e yo havet null experientie in parlation de Occidental. Yo comensat parlar li prim vez in Occidental ye 10 horas matin e in li v&#233;sper noi ja conversat con un sat bon rapidit&#225;. Pos tri dies noi parlat fluentmen.</p>
<p align="justify">Per Occidental-Interlingue, noi trapassat del stadie de artificial formes a un lingue natural ma con regulari derivation. It es cert que nequ&#237; va retornar a paroles quam: centraligo, delegitaro, proletariaro, etc. e a un lingue in quel on ne posse incorporar li paroles exotic o tecnic: tab&#250;, startar, sofa, scooter, etc. Nu it es &#237;npossibil adopter un altri plurale quam -s por substantives, on ne posse retornar a grammatical g&#233;neres, acord del articul e del adjective, conjugation secun persones, etc. It es anc evident que li analitic conjugation es superiori al sintetic, nam por ne chocar li linguistic gust on vell dever variar li conjugation secun li persones. . . Li lingues evolue vers analitisme e minimisation del grammatical flexiones.</p>
<p align="justify">Tis queles desira saver li seque de mi experienties desde <strong>1928</strong> besona solmen leer li articul &quot;25 annus Cosmoglotta&quot; in Nr&#243; august 1947 (2/134) e ili va haver un resuma del vive del Occidental-movement desde ti epoca, e talmen saver li enormissim labor fat, sin material medies, ma unicmen per li sacrificies e li entusiasme de un litt equipe de corageosi pioneros. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Nu, li historie repeti se e noi sta avan altri obstacules. Finalmen li International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA) elaborat su Dictionario e su Grammatica. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Noi sta a un cruce-via. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Esque noi deve abandonar li lingue de de Wahl e adopter li nov lingue de IALA? It es un casu de conscientie. . . e yo deve parlar francmen. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Si yo vell opiner que li lingue de IALA es superiori al lingue de de Wahl, yo ne vell hesitar. Ja yo changeat tri vez li sistema e yo ne es obstinat. To quo yo desira es li promotion de un lingue adequat, modern e practic. Li n&#243;mine ne importa. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Noi deve sequer li progress. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Or, si noi havet grand esperanties quande aparit li &quot;General Report&quot; de IALA 1945 e quande noi incontrat in Paris Prof. Andr&#233; Martinet, tande director de studies de IALA, <u>yo confesse que li aparition del libres esset por me un grand deception. . .</u></p>
<p align="justify">Noi considera que li clave del problema del L.I. reside in li regulari derivation productente natural international formes. To es li genial decovrition de de Wahl. Or IALA ignora li derivation-regules e adopte sin ligation omni paroles: <em>seligere, selection, inspicer, inspection,</em> etc. (vide li articul de A. Matejka in Cosmoglotta april 1951).</p>
<p align="justify">Mult formes es antic latinesc e mem &#237;ncomprensibil por modern poliglottes: eder (manjar), fede (desbell), emer (comprar), moron (?), parafernale (?), cata (chascun), cuje (de quel), nundum (ne ja), malleo (marieli), etc.</p>
<p align="justify">In plu quant idiotismes purmen anglesi: adresse (discurse), convention (congress), routine (customal labor), . . .</p>
<p align="justify">o italian: tolevia, intertanto, etc.</p>
<p align="justify"><strong><font color="#ff0000">Si li aspecte de Esperanto es strangi e artificial, on posse dir que ti de Interlingua es arcaic e pedantesc e que it ne evoca un lingue modern, ma li Latino sine Flexione de Prof. Peano.</font></strong> Prof. Fernand Moss&#233;, un ex li max famosi linguistes de ho-t&#233;mpore, professor in Coll&#232;ge de France, declara que &quot;<em>IALA ne successat far melior quam E. de Wahl</em>&quot;. To quo es un regression gravissim es li manca de regulari derivation - noi ne vole parlar de un superlogic mecanic derivation quam in Ido - ma un derivation quel &#243;rdina, sin deformation, li families de vocabules.</p>
<p align="justify">Noi gratula sincermen li scientistes de IALA pro lor tre bell e complet labor de linguistica. . . <strong><u>ma li mancas evident de Interlingua proveni certmen de que ti labor esset fat quasi in ivor-turre, sin contacte con li pioneros queles have practical experientie.</u></strong> Li teorie es un bell cose, ma si in aplication it ducte a falliment, it ne vale mult.</p>
<p align="justify">Ma noi ne es ciec credentes queles di que omnicos es mal in Interlingua. Por tis queles prefere li eufonie del lingues mediterranean a tis del lingues saxonic, Interlingua es plu sonori e plu bell quam nor lingue; ma to es un question de gust personal. On posse anc opiner que Interlingua es un poc pesant e emfatic e li modern homes prefere formes plu curt e plut nett. Un superiorit&#225; de Interlingua es li selection de quelc paroles melior quam in Occidental: -</p>
<p align="justify"><strong>de Wahl self confesset que il ne esset un &#237;nfallibil p&#225;pa</strong> - biber (trincar), natar (svimmar), porco (svin), vetere (old), facer (far), dicer (dir) etc. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Ma li quantit&#225; de tal paroles es tant minim que noi posse ya introducter les in Occidental sin trublar li usatores.</p>
<p align="justify">Li promotion de un mundlingue es un cose desfacil. Li du cliffes inter queles on deve stirar li nave del mundlingue es: conservatisme e dilettantisme.</p>
<p align="justify">Pro ciec conservatisme, on ne vole abandonar formes &#237;nadequat e &#237;npractic, quam li Esperantistes. . </p>
<p align="justify">On clude li ocules por ne vider que si li lude functiona, it es tamen solmen un lude, e que li publica ne vole adopter it pro su evident e &#237;ncorectibil defectes.</p>
<p align="justify">Pro dilettantisme, on vole sempre modificar li machine, benque su functionament es quasi perfect e on ne egarda li desfacilit&#225;s de propagation, de edition. On discusse eternimen pri detallies e automaticmen on proposi solutiones queles li experientie ja rejectet. On oblivia que li L.I. es fat por utilisar it e ne por fabricar sempre nov formes.</p>
<p align="justify"><strong>Li Esperantistes have un tre mal lingue, ma ili ne lassa se deviar del scope: difusion e usation.</strong></p>
<p align="justify">Li Interlinguestes have un excellent, perfect ye 95% o mem plu, <strong><font color="#ff0000">ma inter ili es tro mult teoreticos</font></strong>, por queles li plesura ne es recrutar nov usatores, <strong><font color="#ff0000">ma discusser ad infinitum</font></strong>. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Noi ne es conservatives e save bon que li lingue evolue, ma li evolution ne es vers artificialisme o arcaisme; it ea vers modern curt e analitic formes. Tal es li evolution del vivent lingues: li fluvie ne retroea a su fonte.</p>
<p align="justify">Li amicos queles havet li patientie leer ti reminiscenties de un veteran mundolinguist posse vider que ti-ci departet del artificialit&#225; e sempre serchat un sistema natural, international e in sam t&#233;mpor regulari. Tra mult experimentes, il nu es convictet que on trovat li rect via. . .</p>
<p align="justify">Quel va esser li futur mundlingue? Quel va esser su n&#243;mine? Noi ne es profetes, li sol certit&#225; es que ti lingue ne posser tre diferent de Interlingue, quel es li form quel uni max habilmen li tri criteries:</p>
<p align="justify"><strong><font color="#0000ff">NATURALIT&#193;, REGULARIT&#193;, INTERNATIONALIT&#193;.</font></strong></p>
<p>Lass nos laborar e esperar. . .    <br />L. M. de GUESNET    <br />President del Interlingue-Union</p>
<p>COSMOGLOTTA, Nr. B. 171, Juli-August 1952 31-im annu</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUM nr. 8</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/08/20/international-memorandum-nr-8/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/08/20/international-memorandum-nr-8/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Aug 2007 17:41:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.interlingue.com/2007/08/20/international-memorandum-nr-8/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUMREVUETTE DE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION
No. 8 Julí - Sept. 1951
=============================================================
PRO QUO UN INTER-LINGUE?
Un yun femina, tre iritat per su non-successe con un enigma de paroles cruceat, remarcat a me: &#8220;It vell esser vermen plu util aprender un lingue foren quam efortiar soluer paroles cruceat!! Audiente to, yo pensat: &#8220;Pro quo ne un interlingue?&#8221;
Lingue [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="FONT-SIZE: 0.75em; COLOR: #0000ff">INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUM</strong></span><br/></strong></span></strong></span><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">REVUETTE DE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong>No. 8 Julí - Sept. 1951</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">=============================================================</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em; COLOR: #804000; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">PRO QUO UN INTER-LINGUE?</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.2em">Un yun femina, tre iritat per su non-successe con un enigma de paroles cruceat, remarcat a me: &#8220;It vell esser vermen plu util aprender un lingue foren quam efortiar soluer paroles cruceat!! Audiente to, yo pensat: &#8220;Pro quo ne un interlingue?&#8221;</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Lingue constitue li cardinal diferentie inter besties e homes. Esque animales have alqual metode de intercomunication es ancor debattet, ma it es cert que ili ne have li capabilitá pronunciar paroles e conecter les in frases &#8212; benque ili posse far se comprendet a nos in varie manieres.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Homes posse parlar con unaltru, expresser comandes, e in general comunicar pri mani coses per parla e scrit &#8212; em al generationes succedent.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In li munde hay circa du mill lingues. Multes de ili es parlat solmen de poc persones in litt villages e landes lontan; alcunes es li forme modern de idioma tre ancian: p. ex. Grec, parlat de solmen quelc milles. Poy noi have li quin o six grand lingues, developat ex formes plu ancian e ex pluri origines, quam Anglesi, Francesi, Hispan, German e Russ, lingues difuset tra li munde e usat in mani international comunicationes.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Durante que nationalistic sentimentes ancor guverna nos it ne es probabil que li nationes va consentir pri un lingue universal, e in omni casu chascun popul naturalmen ama su lingue national. Tamen, de témpor a témpore ha existet lingues auxiliari regional o mem quasi mundal. In li antiquitá li lingue Grec servit quam interlingue; in li epoca del cruceades existet li tal-dit Lingua Franca. Hodíe un interlingue regional existe inter li tribes del Congo in Africa. Inter li literat persones del medievie Latin esset li medie de intercomunication e in li Eclesie it es ancor usat quam tal: pro to un ver modern interlingue posse esser nominat li &#8220;Modern Latin&#8221;.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li excellent regules trovat de Edgar de Wahl e incorporat in &#8220;Interlingue&#8221; (antey nominat &#8220;Occidental&#8221;), quel es basat sur li radicas e vocabules ja existent in li maxim difuset lingues del miunde, garantia que Interlingue es si ne li forme final adminim un forme tre aproximativ de un tal &#8220;modern Latin&#8221;. Li max practic pruva de to es li facilitá con quel alcun hom con medial education posse leer un textu scrit in Interlingue ye li prim vez.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Usante it sive por amusament sive por seriosi activitás noi sempre obtene grand plesura e profite ex li aplication de un interlingue. Vi seque quelc possibilitás de aplication:</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(1) corespondentie con persones in landes foren pri temas de comun interesse.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(2) quam preparation por li studie de altri lingues: pro que Interlingue contene li elementes ja international in un forme sistematic e coherent, derivabil per regules, e talmen explicant li plu complicat structura de altri lingues.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(3) quam gimnastica intelectual: li capabilitá expresser nor pensas in un altri lingue fortia nos in un cert gradu aprender distinter inter coses e paroles, e clarificar nor pensada e developar nor mental facultás.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(4) apu li profite individual quel chascun de nos posse traer ex li aplication del interlingue, nor cooperation colectiv final del grand interlingue del future.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">A,W.S. RAXWORTHY</p>
<p><br/><br/></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">PRI STUDIES</span></strong></p>
<p><strong>Studies servi a pleser, a ornar, e a far eficient.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Por plesure ili servi cardinalmen in privatitá e retire; quam ornament ili servi in conversation; e por eficientie in li diagnose e manuation de aferes. Nam expertes posse executar e forsan judicar detallies, ún pos ún; ma li consilies general e li disposition e planation de aferes es max bonmen fat de tis queles es erudit.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Expender tro mult témpore in studies es pigritá: usar les tro mult por ornament es afectation; judicar exclusivmen secun lor regules es li inclination del erudito.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Ili perfecte li natura e es perfectet per experientie; nam natural habilitá similea a plantes natural, ili besona cupada per studie; e li studies self producte directives tro general si ili ne es limitat per experientie. Astutardes desrespecta studies; simplones admira les; e sagiones usa les; nam ili ne doce lor propri aplication de it, ma que, hay un sagiess extre e supra ili, ganiat per observation.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Lée: ne por contradir e refutar; ni por creder e opiner; ni por trovar temas e frases por conversation; ma por ponderar e reflecter. Quelc libres es a gustar, altris a glotir, e alcunes a machar e digester; to vole dir: quelc libres deve esser leet solmen in partes; altris deve esser leet ma sin detalliat studie; e alcunes deve esser leet completmen, con é diligentie é attention. Quelc libres anc posse esser leet per deputation, e extrates fat per altri persones; ma to vale solmen por temas minu de minori importantie e libres de inferiori sorte; altrimen , libres distillat similea a ordinari aqua distillat, coses insipid.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Leida fa un mann complet, conversation un mann preparat, e scrida un mann exact. E pro to, si un mann scri poc, il besona un grand memorie; si il parla poc, il besona un mente sagaci; e si il lée poc, il besona grand astutie por semblar saver quo il ne save.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Historie fa mannes sagi; poemas fa les espritosi; matematica: subtil; natural filosofie: profund; morale: grav; logica e reterica: capabil discusser.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">&#8220;Abeunt studia in mores: (&#8221;studies deveni mores&#8221; o &#8220;ex interesse nasce hábitu&#8221;). No, ne hay distorsion o impediment in li inteligentie quel ne posse esser curat per apt studies: sam quam maladies del córpore have forsan sportes apropriat. Li lude de bules es bon por li maladie lapidosi e por li renes; li tire: por pulmones e péctore; promenada por li stomac; cavalcada por li cape; e tal plu. Dunc, si li mente de un mann es aberraci, fa le studiar matematica; nam in demonstrationes si su menta vaga quantcuncmen poc, il deve recomensar; si il ne posse distinter o trovar diferenties, fa le studiar li scolasticos; nam ili es &#8220;cymini sectores: (&#8221;capille-fenditores&#8221;); si il ne saver discusser e alegar un cose por provar e ilustrar un altri cose, fa le studiar li casus del juristes: talmen omni defecte del mente have un special receptu.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">FRANCIS BACON (Traductet de I. Federn)</p>
<p><br/>
<p>
<span id="more-81"></span>
</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.2em">In the course of an article in &#8220;<em>Esperanto</em>&#8220;, March 1951, Mr. W. Henthorne describes his early experiences of propaganda on behalf of Esperanto.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">He says: &#8220;<em>Although every winter our group received new people interested in the language, they abandoned it one after the other, either through boredom or through despair of ever completely mastering the language</em>.&#8221;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Many others have had a like experience, and this fact should make us all, especially Esperantists, seek the reason. Esperantists frequently boast of the great numbers attracted to their language; more important for the cause of an auxiliary is the much greater number repelled. Some of these have discovered that a satisfactory solution to the problem does exist.</p>
<p><br/>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">&#8220;Super Li Frontieras&#8221; is the bulletin of the Association Proletari Interlinguistic, a movement of the political left wing. Without necessarily subscribing to its beliefs, the bulletin itself is always interesting by reason of its news and views. We are glad to hear that this Association is organising an international conference in Paris at the beginning of August.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">THE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION<br/>61 Northcroft Road, West Ewell, Surrey<br/>(Ples notar que ti addresse ne functionar nu in 2007)</p>
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		<title>International Memorandum No. 4</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/05/02/international-memorandum-no-4/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/05/02/international-memorandum-no-4/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 May 2007 20:39:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Introduction]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Lingues]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Literatura]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUMREVUETTE DEL BRITANNIC OCCIDENTAL-ASSOCIATION
Nró. 4 April 1946(8?)
=============================================================
A TIP FOR THE TIRO
You want, let us suppose, to learn a foreign language. A particular language, perhaps, for a particular purpose. Or, it may be, any language - just for the fun of the thing.
If the formar, you have no choice. In the latter case, you [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUM</strong></span><br/><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">REVUETTE DEL BRITANNIC OCCIDENTAL-ASSOCIATION</span></strong></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">Nró. 4 April 1946(8?)</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">=============================================================</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.2em"><strong>A TIP FOR THE TIRO</strong></span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">You want, let us suppose, to learn a foreign language. A particular language, perhaps, for a particular purpose. Or, it may be, any language - just for the fun of the thing.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">If the formar, you have no choice. In the latter case, you may think, one language is as good as another. But is it?</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">Learning languages has its delights, but it has its difficulties too. So there is much to be said for starting with the easiest you can find.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">Most European tongues are more or less closely akin. Those of the Romance family - French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and some others - are strikingly alike. So are German, Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages. Hence to have learnt one of them is a great step towards understanding the others.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">English being compounded of Teutonic and Romance elements, is related to both groups. The advantage to the English-speaking student is obvious; but it can easily be overrated. For there is a considerable stock of words and phraseology and linguistic habits that may justly be called <strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">Continental European</strong>, and in which we have no part. Clearly, the more of this you know, the better your chances of becoming a successful polyglot.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">One language, above all others, will help you here. It is as easy as any language can be. Its grammar is so simple that you can take it in your stride. More important still, its vocabulary, its word-formation, and its sentence construction are to all intents and purposes common European. And this, not by some lucky historical accident, but of set purpose. For it has been derived, distilled, one might almost say bred, with that very object.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">Its name is OCCIDENTAL [Interlingue, today.] ; Western, that is to say - the language of the Western World.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">Knowing Occidental, you can make yourself understood to most Europeans, whether they have studied it or not; much better, at all events, than which any other single language. It enables you to get into touch with millions of people in all parts of the civilized world. And it smooths the way, as nothing else can, to a mastery of other tongues.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">If for no other reason than this last, it is well worth a trial.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">H. Ltw.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">The Britannic Occidental Association&#8217;s New Occidental-Course for English Students has just been completed. Its author, Harold Littlewood, has based it on similar principles as those of his famous RALIN-method, but considerably condensed the text by taking into account all that the English student knows and understands of Occidental at first sight. The Course consists of three parts of 5 lessons each. The first part will be incorporated into the new edition of A.W.S. Raxworthy&#8217;s &#8220;Introductory Occidental Grammar&#8221;, and will be sent as a special print to all subscribers of &#8220;International Memorandum&#8221; in lieu of 3 numbers. Nró. 5 of &#8220;I.M.&#8221; will therefore appear in August.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif"><strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">The Psychological and Scociological Character of Languages.</strong> -(IV)- by A. Z. Ramstedt</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">No language exists for the purpose of realizing certain rationalistic principles or idealistic tendencies. The object of language is an entirely practical one &#8212; mutual comprehension amongst associates. It serves life.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">But, it may be objected, if an international language cannot be founded on logic and reason, where are we to find a fixed basis for its construction?</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">The basis for every living language is the lingual usage of a certain group of people. &#8220;<em>What is correct in a language is that which a lingual society postulates; and error is deviation therefrom &#8212; without any regard to the internal value of the words and forms</em>&#8220;, says Prof. Jespersen. <strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">The foundation on which an international language of western civilization is constructed must accordingly be international lingual usage, and the measure of its correctness will be the extent to which that is the case</strong>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.2em; COLOR: #804000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">It is a universally known fact that there are a host of international words; i.e. the lexical material of the international language sought for already exists, but is latent in the national languages.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">This fact both facilitates and fore-ordains the final solution of the problem. The existing international vocabulary &#8212; cultural, scientific, technical, and so forth &#8212; constitutes the incontestable basis for the international language.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">If &#8212; as is done by certain language-makers &#8212; one refuses to accept the existing scientific and technical terminology as it stands, one is forced to rebaptize the whole of the science and technics of the western world &#8212; a labour of Sysisphus. Is there any use in, any possibility of, doing so?</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">The spiritual and intellectual culture of the Occidenta is of Roman-Grecian origin. We are still living in the shadow of ancient Rome. What has Roman law not meant for a large number of European states, the Church of Rome for our spiritual life? Latin was, and in a way still is, the mother-tongue of our civilization. It would be madness to deny the facts of history.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">It follows from the practical character of languages that the only important point is whether the user of a language can most easily express himself in it in speech and writing, and is most easily understood by his auditors and readers, and not whether the number of grammatical rules which a learner has to master is sixteen or sixty. <strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><strong>A language is to be judged by its <span style="COLOR: #ff0000">practical efficiency</span>, not according to theoretical principles</strong></span></strong>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">The majority of projects of artificial international languages put forward during the last 50 years have in general shown their authors to be <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">surprisingly lacking in any sense of reality</span> and of what is possible. The natural languages have been pronounced illogical, chaotic, degenerate, inefficient, unsuitable &#8212; assertions which clearly show how far those responsible for them have been from the truth and reality. Chemists and mathematicians have tried to make us believe that languages should be created in accordance with chemical and algebraical formulae.</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">Unike other projects, the language known as Occidental displays an obvious tendency to keep in close touch with the linguistic habits and sentiments of European nations. It is the fruit of the fullest comprehension both of the actual nature of language and of its real object. And the social character of a language has always been, is, and will continue to be, the decisive factor.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif"><strong>Some typical Occidental Words</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">station agression actor argument cultura libertá tecnica socialisme capitalist<br/>decision confusion acumulator armament natura egalitá musica comunisme comunist<br/>fusion dimension amator document aventura atrocitá acustica marxisme fascist<br/>question ilusion autor fragment creatura validitá critica optimisme extremist<br/>mission tension censor parlament dictatura capacitá practica idealisme dentist<br/>nation opinion dictator sentiment mixtura securitá dialectica fascisme linguist<br/>union exclusion director firmament pictura felicitá optica nazisme pianist<br/>pension opression liberator fundament signatura ferocitá tactica ateisme idealist<br/>vision revision tractor ornament structura soliditá fisica fanatisme realist<br/>invasion passion carburator sacrament statura prioritá matematica pessimisme oculist</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">[plu paroles venir]</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">Cronica - Publicationes - Novas</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif">[esser continuiat]</span></p>
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		<title>International Memorandum No. 13</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/18/international-memorandum-no-13/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/18/international-memorandum-no-13/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Mar 2007 03:29:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Cronica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Esperanto]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IALA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Introduction]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Lingues]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUMREVUETTE DE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION
No. 13 Oct.-Dec. 1952
=============================================================
LI MIGRATION DE PAROLES
Paroles ama vagar tra li munde. Por exemple li parol &#8220;chocolate&#8221; es trovat in mult litt e grand lingues de Europa, Asia e Africa.
Li anglesi paroles sportiv ha viageat ad in li distant angules del munde.
Quelcvez ti originalmen national paroles bentost es totmen [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUM</strong></span><br/><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">REVUETTE DE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION</span></strong></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">No. 13 Oct.-Dec. 1952</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">=============================================================</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><strong>LI MIGRATION DE PAROLES</strong></span></p>
<p><strong>Paroles ama vagar tra li munde. Por exemple li parol &#8220;<em>chocolate</em>&#8221; es trovat in mult litt e grand lingues de Europa, Asia e Africa.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li anglesi paroles sportiv ha viageat ad in li distant angules del munde.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Quelcvez ti originalmen national paroles bentost es totmen assimilat secun ortografie e pronunciation; quelcvez támen ili remane sempre quam forenos. Hay in li lingues mundan un tendentie ad assimilation, precipue si ti paroles es besonat por omnidial usation.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li francesi parol &#8220;<em>bureau</em>&#8221; es usat in german o sved con li sam pronunciation ma con un espelation fonetic &#8212; G. <em>Büro</em>, Sv. <em>byrå</em>. In li romanic lingues it have li forme &#8220;<em>buro</em>&#8220;, o isolat o in derivatives. Solmen in anglesi, nederlandesi e dan it conserva li francesi forme.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li anglesi &#8220;<em>committee</em>&#8221; es trovat in presc omni europan lingues ma nequande in li anglesi forme &#8212; Fr., H., Port., Du., <em>comité</em>; Dan., N., <em>komité</em>; It., <em>comitato</em>; Rum., Pol., <em>comitet</em>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">It es clarmen un tot natural linguistic practica assimilar extran paroles e pro to Interlingue [Occidental] have li formes &#8220;<em>buró</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>comité</em>&#8221; &#8212; queles es pur hispan.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Interlingue [Occidental] anc assimila li francesi paroles &#8220;<em>partú</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>manto</em>&#8221; e altres, e solmen ti paroles <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">VASTMEN CONOSSET</strong>, quel ne ha assimilat se in li national lingues ancor conserva lor forme original.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">De Wahl ha emfasat que li auxiliare deve haver un unitari stil. Pro to it es quelcvez consiliabil assimilar extran paroles, certmen si ili es assimilat in presc omni lingues. It es támen un trate frappant de Interlingue [Occidental] que, pro su natural e plenmen adequat ortografie, <strong>it posse facilmen incorporar occidental e oriental paroles sovente sin changear un líttere.</strong> In altri projectes ili es deformat til ínreconossibilitá; in Interlingue [Occidental] ili es indifectet e quasi tot naturalisat.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">It es dunc tre astonant observar que IALA refusa far to quo li majorité de lingues ja ha fat, que IALA usa li formes &#8220;<em>bureau</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>committee</em>&#8220;. <strong>Inassimilat paroles existe in un grand quantité in ti lingue, forsan pro que li ductores parla anglesi, un lingue quel ne have un fort fonetic tradition</strong>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li spíritu de IALA es antiquat. <strong style="COLOR: #0080c0">It ne posse clarmen regardar li lingues ho-temporan, ma sospira al original formes mort o demi-mort durant centenies.</strong> It ne possede li unitari stil o li fluentie de Interlingue [Occidental] ma aspecte quam un gallinell ancor restrictet per li dur covritura del ove, sin li capailitá extender li ales e volar ad in li aere.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Wilfrid E. Reeve</p>
<p><br/>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><strong>LI CIVILISATION DE CRETA</strong></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/>Ante 6000 annus floreat un grand civilisation in li bell insul Creta, cuchant in li blu undes del Mediterrané, ma su cúlmine esset 2500 annus ante Cristo in un periode de pace e arte tam gloriosi quam alcun altri in li munde.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li cretanes constructet li cité de Knossus de quel li glorie esset su palace, demolit du vez per tremore de terra, reconstructet, ma finalmen brulat 1400 annus ante Cristo. Ili possedet un tre alt cultura e lor potteríe, aurin sigilles e nobli edificies ancor fa nos mirar.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In lor frescos ili pictet paisages u perdrices, fasanes e cates vaga inter multicolori roccas. Inter luxuriant foliage e delicat flores on vide blu simies e gaymen pictet avies, durant que delfines lude in li mare.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Lor architectura monstra li magnific conceptiones de ti tost popul con porticos, cortes pavat e petrin scalieres. Ili havet habil sculpteros, ma lor grand ovres es presc omnes perdit. Ancor resta mult litt statuettes precipue de un religiosi caractere. Lor sigilles es sovente tre bell con gracil danseras, adoratores coram li deos, e besties del agres e forestes.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Nequi posse comprender lor lingue nam lor scritura es índechiffrat. Li tost scritura es pictografic, ma plu tard on trova lineari scritura de pluri species. On ha decovrit circa du mill litt pezzes argilin, quel sembla esser inventaries. Ili possedet un simplic decimal notation. Ma li pensas de ti popul es cludet a nos; noi ne save esque ili trovat li vive bon o mal; noi ne conosse ni lor sagiesse ni lor esprite. Li barrieras de lingue e scritura impedi nos. Lor poetes es mut; ma quande noi vide omnicos quo ili fat, li bellitá de lor ovres e lor amore a homes e besties expresset in lor arte, noi save que ili devet haver passiones e pensas simil al nostris.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">John Huntley</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Valore es augmentat plu sovente per raritá quam per usation. Quo esset negliget quande it esset general, ascende in estimation quande li quantité diminue se. Noi rarmen aconosse li ver valore de to quo noi have til que noi decovri que noi ne plu posse haver it.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">Samuel Johnson, 1709 - 1884</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Témpores de grand calamitá e confusion ha sempre productet li homes del max grand mentes. Li max pur metalle es productet del forne li max calid, e li max brilliant fúlmine es observat in li max obscur storm.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">Caleb Cotton, 1780 - 1832</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Libre es li ver agres elisian u conversa li spíritus del mortos, e ad in ti agres un vivente audacia intrar sin timore. Quel corte reyal posse fanfaronar pri tal companes, quel scole de filosofie pri tal sagiesse?</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Sedente in mi biblioteca in li nocte e observante li visages de mi libres yo es ocasionalmen visitat de un strangi sentiment de lu supernatural. Ili ne es colectiones de págines printat; ili es fantomas. Yo prende un e it parla me de homes e coses ne nu conosset in li terra. Yo di que yo es solitari ma quelc vez yo crede que yo misaplica li término; nam null hom vide plu mult companes quam yo. Yo viagea con cohortes circum me plu potent quam tis de Timhenk o Genghis Khan in lor furiosi expeditiones. Yo es li monarch in li biblioteca; ma it es li mortos, ne li viventes qui es present a mi receptiones.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">Alexander Smith, 1830 - 1867</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><strong>REGULARITY AND IRREGULARITY</strong></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">IL [Occ]</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">con-duct-er<br/>con-duct-or<br/>de-duct-er<br/>in-duct-er</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong style="COLOR: #008000">ESP</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">konduk-i<br/>konduktor-o<br/>dedukt-i<br/>indukt-i</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">IL [Occ]</strong></p>
<p>form-ar<br/>form-at-e<br/>form-at-ion</p>
<p><strong style="COLOR: #008000">ESP</strong></p>
<p>form-i<br/>format-o<br/>formaci-o</p>
<p><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">IL [Occ]</strong></p>
<p>redact-er<br/>redact-or<br/>redact-ion</p>
<p><strong style="COLOR: #008000">ESP</strong></p>
<p>redakt-i<br/>redaktor-o<br/>redakci-o</p>
<p><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">IL [Occ]</strong></p>
<p>aud-ir<br/>aud-it-oria<br/>aud-ient-ie</p>
<p><strong style="COLOR: #008000">ESP</strong></p>
<p>aud-i<br/>auditori-o<br/>audienc-o</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">CRONICA</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>PUBLICATION FUND:</strong> This has now reached a total of £11.10.0. Contributions will be welcomed to help us to produce needed manuals and dictionaries. A short printed booklet called &#8220;Interlingue for Beginners&#8221; is now in preparation and will be on sale soon.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>COSMOGLOTTA:</strong> The issue of July-August contains a very interesting account of the experiences of the President of the Interlingue-Union, L.M. de Guesnet, as an interlinguist for 45 years. There is news of the IL movement throughout the world and other varied articles all written in IL. The six issues for 1952 can be obtained through the B.O.A. for 8/4</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>JOURNALS RECEIVED:</strong> &#8216;Parley&#8217; No. 3 &#8212; independent interlinguistic forum. &#8216;Sueda Mondolinguala Revue&#8217;, July 1952 &#8212; well-printed Ido journal.</p>
<p><strong>THE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION</strong></p>
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		<title>International Memorandum No. 17</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/17/international-memorandum-no-17/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/17/international-memorandum-no-17/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Mar 2007 20:03:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Esperanto]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IALA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Introduction]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Lingues]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUMREVUETTE DE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION
No. 17 Oct.-Dec. 1953
=============================================================
ONE WORLD, ONE AUXILIARY
In many ways it is a very regretable thing that those engaged in propaganda for the idea of an international language should find themselves so frequently fighting each other.
All are possessed by the realisation of the enormous benefit that a world auxiliary would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">INTERNATIONAL MEMORANDUM</strong></span><br/><span style="COLOR: #ff0000">REVUETTE DE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">No. 17 Oct.-Dec. 1953</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">=============================================================</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">ONE WORLD, ONE AUXILIARY</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">In many ways it is a very regretable thing that those engaged in propaganda for the idea of an international language should find themselves so frequently fighting each other</strong>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">All are possessed by the realisation of the enormous benefit that a world auxiliary would bring - in the diffusion of knowledge, in simplifying international contacts for economic, cultural and philanthropical purposes, in trade and in the interests of mutual understanding between nations.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">If we have several competing systems the Babel is increased and energies which united might pave the way to speedy victory are only dissipated by strife.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">People might well say: &#8220;<em>Let these language-planners settle their own differences first, before asking us to join them. When we know which will win, we will begin to study it</em>.&#8221; This is reasonable enough - yet we do know whidh will win.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Many years ago a certain Dr. Liptay said this: &#8220;<em style="COLOR: #804000">The international language does not need to be invented. It exists. One only needs to collect all its words and set them in order</em>.&#8221;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>Interlingue [Occidental] is based fairly and squarely on this principle.</strong> The international language already exists and has existed for centuries. It exists in the common elements of European speech, found in its greatest purity and abundance in the Anglo-Romance group but which is nevertheless spread in varying degrees through the whole of the European languages and beyond. All we have to do is dig out this material and rationalise it.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">However often this is done by different workers <strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">the result will always be somethng very close to Interlingue [Occidental]</strong>. The details will vary but the main structure is unshakeable. Mundolingue of Julius Lott (1899) and Novial in its latest form (1939) are very similar to Interlingue [Occidental].</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">The history of Novial is instructive - starting as a compromise between logicality and naturalness, it finally moved rapidly in the direction of Interlingue [Occidental] so as to become practically identical with it.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Other naturalistic projects again are and must be mere dialects of the one true international language. Artificial projects with artificial inflexions and derivatory systems may flourish for a while but their doom is certain. The international language exists already. It can be extracted by scientific enquiry. It is the language the world will one day speak. <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">Interlingue is the language of to-morrow. Start learning it to-day</strong>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">MANN O FEMINA?</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>Li national lingues have diversi remedies por indicar li masculin e feminin géneres o sexus. Quelcvez ili usa un diferent parol, quelcvez ili usa un afixe.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In li sud-romanic lingues it trova se un vastmen usat metode in quel, con un poc exceptiones, -<em>o</em> significa li masculin e -<em>a</em> li feminin. Ti facte es profundmen inradicat in li mentes de omnes qui parla o un poc conosse italian, hispan o portugalesi.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Ma éxter ti lingues ti sistema ne es inconosset, precipue in relation al feminin finale -<em>a</em>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In li ruman un grand numere de feminin substantives fini per -a; li maxim frequent indication de femin adjectives es per -<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>ă</em>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">In sved on sovente forma li feminin per li sufixes <em>-inna, -ska, -issa</em> o <em>-essa</em>, o simplicmen per -<em>a</em>, per exemple, <em>katt, katta; hund</em> (cane), <em>hunda</em>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">In altri lingues on trova tre mult nómines feminin con un final -<em>a</em>, quam por exemple li anglesi: <em>Ada, Amelia, Anna, Augusta, Barbara, Cecilia, Clara</em>, etc.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">On ne trova tamen un tant difuset usantie del masculin -<em>o</em>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Pos un consideraton de ti factes it es surprisant que li autores de Espo/Ido selectet tot arbitrarimen -<em>o</em>, -<em>a</em> ne por indicar sexu ma por signalar li substantives e li adjectives. <strong>Ti finales es sin alcun justification</strong>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">In consequentie noi have tant desagreabil formes quam <em>la patro, la patrino</em> e mult altres u noi sembla esser confrontat per homes de dubitosi sexu. Mem li feminin nómines personal have un masculin -<em>o</em>! &#8212; <em>Ado, Agneso, Alico, Amalio,</em> etc. Ti strangi nómines ha un poc genat mult Esperantistes e Kalocsay proposit un -<em>a</em> por nomines feminin, ma nequi acceptat ti proposition.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">In Interlingue [Occidental] noi retrovenit a plu san consilies e li finales -<em>o</em>, -<em>a</em> indica customarimen masculines e feminines. Por evitar alcun desguste de Wahl usat li neutral articul definit <em>li</em> quel es trovat in ancian francesi sin egarde a génere, sexu o númere.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">In un poc casus tamen u it es necessi conservar un dur final <em>c</em> o <em>g</em> noi usa un de ti vocales - <em>mosaica, bosco,</em> ma tis es tant ínusual que noi nequande have in un Interlingue [Occidental] textu nequal sentiment de géneres grammatical.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Li lucid usantie de Interlingue [Occidental] ha clarmen monstrat li rect via. Pro to tant plu grand es nor surprise quande noi lee un textu in li lingue de IALA. Noi vide un pululation de -<em>o</em> e -<em>a</em> talmen que noi expecta un plen sistema de géneres grammatical. Ma IALA have un sol articul definit <em>le</em> e noi sovente íncontra infelici formes quam, <em>le bestia, le femina, le puera</em> <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">u noi have li masculin <em>le</em> junt a substantives feminin secun forme</strong>. <strong>To es un retrogression ad esperantismes</strong>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Li finales -<em>o</em>, -<em>a</em> in Interlingue [Occidental] sempre have valore o por eufonie o por indicar sexu.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Ti finales in IALA támen have in li maxim mult casus null valore. Por exemple in li parol <em>instrumento</em> li finales ne servi a null scope. Li -<em>o</em> trova se in <strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">italian, hispan e portugalesi</strong> ma li form <em>instrument</em>, talmen scrit, es trovat in <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">anglesi, francesi, ruman, german, nederlandesi, norvegian, dan, sved, polonesi, russ e sloven</strong>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Li romanic lingues deve luder li maxim important rol in interlinguistica ma IALA have un mult tro strett vision.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">Noi ne deve obliviar li altri lingues in quel li latin heritage ancor es trovat.</strong> It sembla tamen que IALA acceptat ti grand númere de géneric finales solmen in li ultim moment ante li publication del dictionarium, nam in un specimen págine circulat in 1950 li majorité de ti substantives plu tard finient per -<em>o</em>, tande finit per -<em>e</em>.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Wilfrid E. Reeve</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>JOHN PEEL, THE COMPLEAT ANGLER</strong></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Esperanto, we are told, has a very great power of expression by reason of its system of affixes, yet for even a simple thing as &#8220;<em>to fish</em>&#8221; it seems to be in difficulties.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Most dictionaries give <em>Fi<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">ŝ</span>kapti</em>, but is a man only fishing when he has caught something? The direct form <em>fi</em><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>ŝi</em> has been criticised as illogical. A recent writer uses the verb <em>fi</em><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>ŝ</em><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>ĉasi</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Here we have a delightful insight into life in Esperantujo. We can visualise the angler going forth with rod and line, with hunting horn in his hand and a pack of hounds at his heels. Is it really fair to the fish?</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>CRONICA</strong></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>PROPAGANDA</em>: Durant li passat pluri mensus du long anuncies ha aparit in &#8220;Federal News&#8221; e anuncies ha esset in sertet in li &#8220;Linguist&#8221;. Quelc nov interessates ha esset ganiat.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>PRINCIPIES DE INTERLINGUE</em>: Ti nov brochurette con un printat covriment ha esset publicat del Association. In su 12 págines it indica li basic principies de Interlingue [Occidental], su simiplic grammatica, su metode de parol-selection e su natural derivation. It es un bon introduction al essentie de nor lingue, quel vu deve haver. Exemplares, 4d. per posta 6d.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><em>CORESPONDENTIE</em>: Tis qui desira coresponder con coidealistes in altri landes, ples scrir a Sr. Serge M. Lepage&#8230;.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">THE BRITISH INTERLINGUE ASSOCIATION<br/>61 Northcroft Road,<br/>West Ewell, Surrey.</span></span></span></span></p>
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		<title>Collateral Forms</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/12/collateral-forms-3/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/12/collateral-forms-3/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2007 21:15:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IALA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 The Collateral Forms in Interlingue
It is often stated, particularly by the adherents of Interlingua, that the structure of Occidental/Interlingue is too rigid, and does not permit of the existence of so-called &#8220;collateral forms&#8221;. But a close examination of Occ/Ile text-books and literature, especially recent publications, shows that this criticism (like so many others) is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em; COLOR: #0000ff">The Collateral Forms in Interlingue</strong></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">It is often stated, particularly by the adherents of Interlingua, that the structure of <strong><em>Occidental/Interlingue</em></strong> is too rigid, and does not permit of the existence of so-called &#8220;collateral forms&#8221;. But a close examination of <strong><em>Occ/Ile</em></strong> text-books and literature, especially recent publications, shows that this criticism (like so many others) is quite without foundation.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">From its inception, <strong><em>Occidental/Interlingue</em></strong> has allowed the use of either single or double consonants in such words as <em>comense</em> (commense), <em>afere</em> (affere), <em>acusar</em> (accusar), <em>eclesia</em> (ecclesia), recomendar (recommendar), and a host of others.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">The choice is left to the personal preference of the individual, although it is recommended that single consonants be used except where they are needed to indicate that a preceding vowel is short, or that an <em>s</em> is not sonorous, or where the consonants are pronounced differently. (Haas: Grammatica).</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Also from the start have the &#8220;historic&#8221; and the &#8220;modern&#8221; orthografies been equally permitted, though here again the &#8220;modern&#8221; is advised. (Haas: Grammatica).</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Many adjectives with no special ending can either take the final -<em>i</em> or not, according to taste. The modern trend is to drop this except where it is absolutely necessary to preserve the soft sound of a preceding -<em>c</em>-, or -<em>g</em>-, in such words as necessi, informatori (when the final -<em>i</em> corresponds to a final -<em>y</em> in the English word). The euphonic termination -<em>e</em> for nouns, too, is often discarded when it is not needed to distinguish them from the associated adjectives, as for example, central/e.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">All these are &#8220;collateral forms&#8221; which have been in <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong> long before Interlingua-Gode saw the light of day, despite the claims of the adherents of the latter interlanguage to have been the first to accept such variations.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">The pronunciation of <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong>, too, allows of slight personal variations as, for example, in the cases shown below:</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>ch</strong>: correct pronunciation is as in English <em>sh</em>, but the pronunciation <em>tsch</em> or as English <em>ch</em> is permitted.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>x</strong>: which may be pronounced either &#8220;hard&#8221; or &#8220;soft&#8221;.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>y</strong>: correctly as in English <em>yes</em>, but the French vocalic pronunciation is tolerated.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>qu</strong>: should be pronounced as <em>koo</em>, but <em>kw</em> is allowed.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><strong>j</strong>: should have the sound heard in English vision, but the sound of <em>dj</em> is accepted.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">(All the above examples are taken from Dr. Haas&#8217;s Grammatica.)</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Even the marks of accentuation may be omitted, but not advised (Pollog: Interlingue), for the simple reason that in the national tongues which use them, these are never correctly omitted.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">The assimilation of the prefixes <em>in</em>- and <em>con</em>- is yet another permitted variation in <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong>. For example, one may use either irregular or ínregular, collaborar or conlaborar and so on, as one desires. (Haas: Grammatica &amp; Pollog: Interlingue.)</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Normally the future tense of the verb is formed in <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong> by the use of the auxiliary <em>va</em>, (yo va vider, etc.): and the conditional by <em>vell</em> (yo vell vider, etc.). But, even here again, alternative forms are allowed. They are, for the future, -<em>rá</em> (yo viderá, etc.): and, for the conditional, -<em>ría</em> (yo videría, etc.).</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">The verb &#8220;to be&#8221; (esser), too has its irregular collateral forms. These are <em>será</em> (va esser) and <em>serìa</em> (vell esser) (Pollog: Interlingue).</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Word-formation also has its collateral forms in <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong> as shown in the following examples: scri-table/ table por scrir: vent-moline/ moline movet per vente: nota-librette/ librette por notas: carte postal/ postcarte, and so on. (Haas: Grammatica)</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Dr. Haas, in his Grammatica so widely quoted above also allows the following alternative derivatives:</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">factor/fator:<br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">malediction/maledition:</span><br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">prescription/prescrition:</span><br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">distincter/distinter:</span><br/><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">conjunction/conjuntion:</span></span></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">&#8230; so that, once again, the user of <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong> has a choice at hand.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">Like any national language, <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong> goes through a process of gradual evolution, untrammelled by any notions of &#8220;untouchability&#8221;.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">As this short account has attempted to show, this evolution has already given rise to a great many collateral forms, and no doubt will continue to do so. The purpose of the <strong><em>Occidental/ILe</em></strong> <strong>Academy</strong> is not to prevent such changes, but merely to see that the variations that arise rest naturally upon the firm and unassailable rock of the language; and that they are not just personal idiosyncrasies which appeal to one or two persons because of a sentimental regard for Latin, or from a desire to completely jettison all regularity for the doubtful advantages of a too-high degree of &#8220;naturalitate&#8221;.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">The principle upon which Edgar de Wahl built his language was &#8220;maximum internationality combined with the highest possible degree of regularity&#8221;. This fundmental basis remains, and all &#8220;collateral forms&#8221; which do not coincide with this principle are, per se, outside of the structure of a language designed for modern international usage.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right">- <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, serif">W. R. Wallace</span><br/></p>
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		<title>&#8220;Flush-Laboruro&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/12/flush-laboruro/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/12/flush-laboruro/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2007 20:54:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IALA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Ido]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Lingues]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 UN &#8220;FLUSH-LABORURO&#8221; MALGRE BON INTENTIONES
de Erik Stenberg

Li ex-president del Ido-Union, Ing. Pl Eriksson, ha dismisset un studie comparativ, quel merite atention quam exemple, qualmen grand diligentie posse producter un labore enorm e van, pro departer de fals premisses e basar se sur conossenties e materiale insuficent.

Si on considera li L. I. quam un compromiss, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1em"><strong style="FONT-SIZE: 1.2em; COLOR: #0000ff">UN &#8220;FLUSH-LABORURO&#8221; MALGRE BON INTENTIONES</strong></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em"><em>de Erik Stenberg</em></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Li ex-president del Ido-Union, Ing. Pl Eriksson, ha dismisset un studie comparativ, quel merite atention quam exemple, qualmen grand diligentie posse producter un labore enorm e van, pro departer de fals premisses e basar se sur conossenties e materiale insuficent.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Si on considera li L. I. quam un compromiss, it esset originalmen sin dúbit intentionat quam un compromiss inter li lingues national-natural. Sr E. in contrari sembla creder, que li scope de IALA es unificar per un specie de aritmetic compromiss, identic o tre proxim a Ido, quelc existent systemas de L. I.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Su tese es que Ido es li compromiss inter omni systemas de L. I. in general, e inter Esperanto e Occidental in particulari, e que pro to it es max apt quam basic lingue por IALA.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Por pruvar to, li autor compara circa 150-200 elementes in 6 systemas, e da l punctu a chascun systema por chascun detalie in quel it presenta li solution del majorité. Litteres e sones, desinenties, paroles grammatical, afixes, chascun detalie es tractat con egal gravitá, sin egard al veritabil importantie. A tal mecanic observation naturalmen escapa li comprension del grand principies essential. Li autor ne percepte que, generalmen considerat, Ido ne es un compromiss inter Esperanto e Occidental, ma solmen un variante de Esperanto de quel it conserva omni fundamental principies. In altri láter il ne vide, que in li <em>procede</em> del derivation Ido nullmen es un compromiss, ma un extremitá quel per &#8220;logikaleso, renversebleso&#8221; e altri Couturatismes oposi se radicalmen a omni céteri lingues, national o international, durantque li procedes (ne li formes!) de Esperanto e Occidental es passabilmen simil a unaltru.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Un compromiss depende del dat factores. Ci li resultate (Ido) es prefixat (&#8221;Petitio principii&#8221;), e li factores selectet &#8212; secun confession del autor &#8212; in secuent maniere: Por constatar quel lingue es max bon &#8220;<em>yo detaliatmen comparat Esperanto, Ido, Novial e Occidental. E pro que in sam témpor yo leet noticies pri Esperanta e Novam, yo decidet comparar anc tis</em>.&#8221; Dunc ti efemeric systemas, un variante de Esperanto e un variante de Ido, obliviat desde deci annus, constitue un ters del materiale e have per to un influentie decisiv al resultate. L. s. F., incomparabilmen plu important, es omisset. Tal constellation permisse facilmen arivar a Ido quam compromiss. Un altri selection, p. ex. omission de Occidental e adjunction e Volapük e Ro, vell permisser presentar quam compromiss Esperanto.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Per un litt diagramma li autor demonstra: &#8220;<em>La developala tendenco esas konverganta vers Ido. Ido esas quase la rezultanto di movi en konservativa e radikala direcioni. Ido do vere reprezentas la stabilexo</em>.&#8221; Ne ti subjectiv opinion interessa nos, ma li Occidentalismes usat vice li corect Ido-formes &#8220;qua<em>ze</em>, konserv<em>ema</em>&#8220;. Altriloc li autor scri &#8220;defin<em>iciono</em>, dele<em>gaciono</em>&#8221; vice &#8220;defin<em>uro</em>, deleg<em>itaro</em>&#8220;: su Ego melior protesta per practica contra li artificialitá de Ido, e manifesta un preferentie por Occidental.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Altrimen li ovre abunda de criticas pri Occidental, sin malicie, ma de un superficialitá e prejudicie demonstrant li inseriositá del autor. <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">Il alude conosser &#8220;Occidental, die Weltsprache&#8221;, ma mem con ti libre il ne posset liberar se del usual idistic legendes pri Occidental. Il similea a un historico quel vell basar un studie pri Gustaf Adolf sur militari conzones del armé imperial sub Wallenstein.</strong></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Sr E. invita su letores informar le pri erras: plazza e témpor manca nos por corecter chascun, il mey seriosimen studiar Occidental e rescrir su ovre. In sam ocasion il va posser reconstituer su materiale de comparation; nu li principies de Esperanto es representat ne solmen per 3 variantes (50%), quam in li comparationes de IALA, ma mem 4 skematic systemas es oposit a 2 natural tales.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Un sol punctu del tot ovre posse dar indicationes util. Un tabelle compara series de tecnic términos in German, Anglés, Francés. Ordinat secun li alfabete german, it naturalmen demonstra un grand analogie in li paroles german, contra divergenties inter li expressiones del altri lingues, composit ex paroles plu international. Ti tabelle (quel deve combatter li international paroles de Occidental) vell naturalmen far un altri impression, si on vell har selectet parol-series secun li alfabete anglés e francés. Ma it tamen monstra nos que it es util evitar in nor practica un erra imaginat del autor: <strong><span style="COLOR: #0000ff"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em"><strong>il sembla creder que Occidental es obligat secuer omni usus anglés e francés, e que it sta sin auxilie, quande tis difere. Ma Occidental, quam lingue antonom, posse combinar li paroles international con maximal observation de util analogies e per to evitar inregularitás del lingues national.</strong></span></span></strong></span><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Un grav ne-linguistic ilusion del autor mey esser rectificat: il crede e di que li Occidentalistes certmen vell esser content, si adminim li reformes proposit de Ido vell esser acceptet in Esperanto. Il conosse li adherentes tam poc quam li lingue, e ignora li historie del L. I. Qui vell seriosimen secuer li naiv consilies de sr Eriksson por &#8220;contentar&#8221; li Occidentalistes, vell esser surprisat trovar che ili un atitude astonantmen negativ.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Tuchant es li recomendation secuent: &#8220;<em>It es un avantagie por li yunité esser informat pri li vocabularium del lingues national per aprender li naturalistic vocabularium, ma certmen it es ancor plu avantagiosi per aprension de Ido praticar logic pensada</em>.&#8221;</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">Un págin de quelcunc idistic argumention convicte pri que til hodie ancor <strong>null Idist ha aprendet pensar logicmen per studiar Ido</strong>. In contrari, it sembla que li Ido-ideologie sufoca ti util facultate che su adherentes. It vell esser un calamitá abandonar li yunité del munde a un tal systematic deformation mental.</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br/></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in; TEXT-INDENT: 0.13in; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.9em">[Ido, P. Eriksson, ex-president del Ido-Union, Cos. 120, Marte 1938, p. 18-19.]</span></p>
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		<title>Occidental Exemples.</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/12/occidental-exemples/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/12/occidental-exemples/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2007 18:27:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[A. Matejka]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Introduction]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 Exemples por li aprension de Occidental . . .
PRONUNCIATION
Li idé de un international lingue es realisábil sub li conditionLi ide de un internazional lingwe ess realisabil sub li kondizion
que ti lingue es natural, regulari e purmen international.que ti lingwe ess natural, regulari e puhrmen internazional.
OCCIDENTAL responde a ti conditiones. Su base forma liOkzidental responde [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">Exemples por li aprension de Occidental . . .</strong></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong>PRONUNCIATION</strong></p>
<p><strong>Li idé de un international lingue es realisábil sub li condition</strong><br/>Li id<strong>e</strong> de un internazion<strong>a</strong>l l<strong>i</strong>ngwe ess realis<strong>a</strong>bil sub li kondizi<strong>o</strong>n</p>
<p><strong>que ti lingue es natural, regulari e purmen international</strong>.<br/>que ti l<strong>i</strong>ngwe ess natur<strong>a</strong>l, regul<strong>a</strong>ri e p<strong>u</strong>hrmen internazion<strong>a</strong>l.</p>
<p><strong>OCCIDENTAL responde a ti conditiones. Su base forma li<br/></strong>Okzident<strong>a</strong>l resp<strong>o</strong>nde a ti kondizi<strong>o</strong>nes. Ssu b<strong>a</strong>se f<strong>o</strong>rma li</p>
<p><strong>paroles comun al max difuset modern europan lingues</strong>:<br/>par<strong>o</strong>les kom<strong>u</strong>n al max diffus<strong>e</strong>t mod<strong>e</strong>rn e-urop<strong>a</strong>n l<strong>i</strong>ngwess:</p>
<p><strong>it es li facil e práctic lingue international por civilisat persones</strong><br/>it ess li fac<strong>i</strong>l e pr<strong>a</strong>ktik l<strong>i</strong>ngwe internazion<strong>a</strong>l por ziwilis<strong>a</strong>t perss<strong>o</strong>nes</p>
<p><strong>de divers nationalitás</strong>.<br/>de div<strong>e</strong>rss nazionalit<strong>a</strong>ss.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">LI TRI FACTURAS</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li modern dama a su modista: Ples far me tri facturas. Un de frs. 50. &#8212; precie de mi chapel, un de frs. 30. &#8212; por mi marito e un de frs. 100. &#8212; por mi amícas.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="COLOR: #0080ff"><strong>HYGIENE</strong>.</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li hygiene es tre important. Yo, por exemple, prende un balne unvez chascun annu, totmen egal ca to es necessi o ne.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">SELF-CRITICA.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Un jurnal volente enumerar li qualitás de un mort cive, scrit: <em>Li morto ha mult sufret in su vive. Il esset abonat a nor jurnal desde su aparition.</em></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="COLOR: #0080ff"><strong>CHE LI JUDICO</strong></span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">&#8211; Acusato, li interogada ne sembla har fatigat vos mult. Esque vu es ja acustomat a it? &#8211;<br/>&#8211; Yes, yo es maritat. &#8211;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="COLOR: #0080ff">ANTE LE EXAMINE.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>Professor</strong>: &#8220;<em>Ne desespera, corage! corage!&#8221;</em><br/><strong>Atudiant</strong>: &#8220;<em>Corage? Quande mi cerebre es quam un desert?</em>&#8220;<br/><strong>Prof</strong>.: &#8220;<em>Fórsan it existe támen quelc oases in li desert?</em>&#8220;<br/><strong>Stud</strong>.: &#8220;<em>Yes, certmen, ma esque li cameles va trovar les?</em>&#8220;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">IN LI MUSIC-HALL.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Un yun adolescent invita su old tanta venient del rure a un representation de music-hall. Apen li cortin es levat, quande li tanta capte li yun mann per li brass e forducte le rapidmen éxter li teatre. In li strad illa expresse su indignation: &#8220;<em>Quam mal es ti organisation! Ili leva li cortin mem ante que ti povri danseras es completmen vestit!</em>&#8220;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">UN HISTORIE DE IGUANODON</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Un anglés humorist asserte que li jocas pri li bel-matres es tam old quam li munde. E quam pruva il oferta li secuent anecdote, de quel il garantia &#8212; naturalmen &#8212; li absolut autenticitá:</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Un mann del cavernes dinea tranquilmen con un medull de osse, quande su fémina ad-curre, afollat:<br/>&#8220;<em>Georg! Georg! Prende strax tui clobb! Mi matre es ta éxter e nu un iguanodon veni vers illa!</em>&#8220;<br/>&#8220;<em>Ma pro quo vole tu que yo interrupte mi diné por sucusar un iguanodon?</em>&#8220;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">PUBLICITA TOMBAL</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In América esset un camp del mortes próxim un cité. Avan ti sepultoria passat un die un agente de publicitá quel trovat que mult plazza esset perdit in ti loc. Tande il luat li tombes por metter ta grand afiches e li heredantes del mortes recivet mult moné. Un mensu pos li debut de ti sistema on posset leer sur li tombes:</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">&#8220;<em>Ci jace William, morit in il etá de 97</em> [ninantisett] <em>annus: il manjat null altri cos quam li chocolate Smith</em>.&#8221;<br/>&#8220;<em>Ci jace Flora Awan, morit in su 19-im</em> [decininésim] <em>annu: illa debit su splendid capillatura al lotion Bishop</em>.&#8221;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Ma un altri agente de publicitá arivat: il fat alquó ancor plu bon. Il havet li idé luar li tombes vacue queles on dat le por presc necos, nam on pensat que il ne posset ganiar mult per ili. Ma on esset mult astonat leente sur ti sepulcres ancor ínocupat ti avis:</p>
<p>&#8220;<em>Li futur mortes de ti tombes es sempre in bon standa, nam ili manja li prunes Dickson</em>.&#8221;</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong>OCCIDENTAL</strong><br/></span></strong>die internationale Welthilfssprache<br/>VOLLSTÄNDIGER LEHRGANA<br/>in 20 Lektionen<br/>von<br/>A. Matejka<br/></p>
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		<title>NOR Relationes . . .</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/10/nor-relationes/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/10/nor-relationes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Mar 2007 07:19:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IALA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Lingues]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Personalitás]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Ric Berger]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 NOR RELATIONES CON INTERLINGUA . . . .
Un clarification necessi.
Noi recivet de Prof. André Martinet, ex-director del stab linguistic de IALA, li copie de un lettre quel il misset li 4 may 1957 a Sr. Ric. Berger, Morges. Vi su traduction in Interlingue.


Yo lee, in un circulare quel on transmisset me, extractes de un [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em"><strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">NOR RELATIONES CON INTERLINGUA . . . .</strong></span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong>Un clarification necessi.</strong></p>
<p>Noi recivet de Prof. André Martinet, ex-director del stab linguistic de IALA, li copie de un lettre quel il misset li 4 may 1957 a Sr. Ric. Berger, Morges. Vi su traduction in Interlingue.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em><br/></em></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><em><em>Yo lee, in un circulare quel on transmisset me, extractes de un raporte de quel vu es li autor e quel ha esset publicat in CURRERO DEL MUNDO. Ti raporte tende a far creder que existet inter Sr. Gode e me, un substantial concordantie de opinion pri li forme quel it convene dar a Interlingua. Nequó es plu ínexact. Li oposition inter li <strong>&#8220;lingue Martinet&#8221;</strong> e li <strong>&#8220;lingue Gode&#8221;</strong> totmen ne es un legende. Del 4 variantes del sondages de 1947, P. representat li forme recomendat de Sr. Gode e K ti quel havet li preferentie de Sra. Morris. Por mi parte, yo recomendat un solution intermediari inter C (naturalisme schematic) e M (naturalisme modernisant) quam monstra li protocoll redactet de Sr. De Guesnet quel vu cita in vor raporte. Ti solution vell har esset, per su spíritu, mult plu proxim a Interlingue quam al hodial Interlingua: li preferentie por li formes romanic mesme, iste, ora e li finale facultativ -e del adjectives, in contrast a sam, ti, nu e -i de Occidental have null importantie in facie de analogies fundamental de structura. Ples releer, por convicter vos pri to, li recension del Dictionarie e del Grammatica de Interlingua quel yo publicat in li revúe WORD (vol. 8 pp 163-167). Por preventer steril controverses, it vell esser util publicar in quelcunc del du interlingues, ti recension in extenso.</em></em></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><em>Yo es, Senior etc. . . . . sig. A. Martinet</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Reproductente li textu de ti lettre, noi defere a un desir formal expresset de su autor. Por comprender su signification, it va totvez esser necessi dar quel explicationes pri li genese del afere.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In Januar 1957, Sr. Ric Berger publicat in li revúe <em>CURRERO DEL MUNDO</em> (organ oficial del ILa-istes) un appell al occidentalistes, invitante les transir in bloc a ILa. <strong>Ti proclamation cúlmina in li afirmation que ILa es superior al lingue de De Wahl e que it representa li solution definitiv del problema mundlingual.</strong> Sr. Berger efortia se adplu demonstrar que li pretendet divergenties de opinion inter Prof. Martinet e Dr. Gode es un pur legende, que sempre existet e ancor hodie existe inter ili un absolut concordantie de opinion concernent li forme del LI, que li pretendet &#8220;deviations&#8221; de Dr. Gode es purmen imaginari e que in realitá li lingue del &#8220;Interlingua-English Dictionary&#8221; de Dr. Gode es, except litt detallies irrelevant, identic a ti elaborat sub li direction de Prof. Martinet.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Quam pruva por su alegationes Sr. Berger basa se sur quelc textus datant del epoca 1946-48 queles monstra secun il, li perfect identitá del <strong>&#8220;lingue Martinet&#8221;</strong> con li hodial <strong>&#8220;lingue Gode&#8221;.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li debilitá de ti demonstration salta al ocules de quicunc es alquantmen familiari con li conditiones a queles es subordinat li resercha scientic. Haustente li exemples ex un fase arbitrarimen selectet del epoca u li lingue de IALA esset ancor in plen gestation, on posse pruvar quo on vole, ma in veritá on pruva nequó. It es just pro ti rason que li representantes actual de nor movement gardat se cuidosimen, durant li aludet epoca, intervenir publicmen in li discussion. Ili savet que un tal intervention, in li stadie preparatori, vell solmen har genat li perduction del labor linguistic de IALA, e pro to ili sagimen reservat lor judicament definitiv por li témpor quande li resultate final del labores vat esser presentat al publico.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Sr. Berger ne solmen sembla esser li sol quel monstra se impermeabil a ti evidentie, ma il mem ea til afirmar que li resultates del labor de IALA, tal qual ili presentat se in un del multiplic fases de investigation scientic, es identic con li personal conceptiones de Prof. Martinet. Benque il ha self esset membre del Academie Intermari de Occidental e dunc vell dever saver plu bon quam quicunc quant mult li resultate de un labor colectiv posse diverger, in li un o altri punctu, del conviction personal del un o altri membre del gremie, <strong>il persiste in rendir Prof. Martinet personalmen responsabil pri li resultates provisori de omni fases de labor perductet sub su direction</strong>. <em>Or, li sol colaborator de IALA quel havet li unic chance posser imposir su propri conceptiones e far prevaler les contra omni opositores, es Dr. Alexander Gode. <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">Li lingue ILa, tal qual it presenta se al publico, ne es li resultate del labor colectiv del stab de IALA, ma li creation personal de Dr. Gode</strong>, li materialisation de su propri filosofie lingual. Quam autor del Interlingua-English Dictionary e del INTERLINGUA GRAMMAR, Dr. Gode porta dunc coram li forum del scientie, <strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">li sol responsabilitá pri li forme final del lingue, a quel IALA hat colaborat solmen quam <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">furnitor del crud materie</span>.</strong></em></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="COLOR: #000000">Que Prof. Martinet ne juit li sam independentie e libertá de action quam director temporari del stab linguistic de IALA, resulta con omni claritá ex li lettre quel il misset li</span> 6 may a sr. De Guesnet e ex quel noi cita li sequent:</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><em><em><em>. . . . Desfelicimen yo ne have li témpor por exposir e preciser in detallie omni circumstanties queles explica mi rol in ti afere. Por comprender it, on deve ne obliviar que yo nequande havet li manus líber in li duction del aferes. Quande yo arivat a IALA, yo trovat ta un equipe de un demi-dozen de romanistes, inconditionalmen devoet a Gode, <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">queles ne genat se dir apertmen que ili ne crede in li lingue international</strong>. <strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">Blair esset li sol quel prendet li cose seriosimen.</strong> <strong>Dr. Gode, de su látere, prendet li atitude de un mann quel hat, sin reflecter,</strong> <strong>lansat se in <span style="COLOR: #804000">un aventura baroc</span></strong>. De omni coses queles yo publicat durant li témpor de mi colaboration a IALA, li unesim de mi raportes al Congress de Paris es li sol quel reflecte fidelmen mi opiniones personal. Mi vispunctu personal pri li natura del lingue ha esset exposit in my recension de WORD e it es pro ti precisi motive que yo refere Berger a ti publication.</em></em></em></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Por responder ancor a un altri acusation de Sr. Berger, Prof. Martinet fini su lettre per li sequent declaration:</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><em><em>&#8220;Yo vell vos esser grat si vu vell venevoler preciser, in reponse al afirmationes de Berger, que yo ha nequande esset occidentalist in li sense u un occidentalist usat Occidental in parol e in li scrites, ma que, hant esset interessat in li tendentie quel Occidental representat quam sol sistema in ti epoca, yo fat quo yo devet far por reciver Cosmoglotta. [E anc Dave Morris, Sra. Dave Morris, A. DeBrunner] Yo retirat me quande yo comensat mi contactes con IALA, ca. 1938 yo crede, por bon marcar que yo accepta null &#8220;vassalitá&#8221;, quo, in céteri, ha sempre esset li casu, mem quande yo payat ancor mi abonnament a Cosmoglotta.&#8221;</em></em></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mersiante Prof. Martinet pro su precisiones, noi voluntarimen accepta su invitation, publicar in ti sam numeró li traduction de su articul de WORD. Noi ne dúbita que Sr. Berger va far lu sam in &#8220;Currero del Mundo&#8221;.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong>************</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Nor car letores mey pardonar nos si noi renuncia a discusser ci in detallie omni afirmationes e argumentes contenet in li pamflete de Sr. Berger. Noi va exposir nor idés pri li látere linguistic del problema in un special studie comparativ <a href="http://www.interlingue.com/2006/12/09/interlingue-e-interlingua-1/">&#8220;Interlingue-Interlingua&#8221;</a> quel va esser publicat in un del proxim numerós de Cosmoglotta. Pos ti publication noi espera posser cluder li discussion nam noi senti null inclination inaugurar in nor organ oficial un nov periode de polemicas in li specie de tis caracterisat li revúe sub li redactoratu de Sr. Berger. Noi posse solmen regretar que li statu de pacific coexistentie del du movementes, quel noi mantenet desde li departe de Sr. Berger in li annu 1951, ha esset denov trublat in li exact moment quande Sr. Berger fat su reintrada spectaculari in li arena interlinguistic.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Ancor un curt remarca ante finir: Sr. Berger afirma in su pamflete que il <strong><span style="COLOR: #ff0000"><strong>es li person max bon documentat pri li historie de ILa, &#8220;pro har esset tenet al currente, mensu pos mensu</strong></span></strong> (sic), de omni discussiones e har recivet raportes confidential e copies de lettres (precipue de Sr. De Wahl)&#8221; concernent li labor de IALA. Ti documentation unic va, secun il, servir bentost por un &#8220;Historie del Lingue International&#8221;. Noi confesse haver sat mult pena por creder que Sr. Berger ha efectivmen, mersí a un special decrete del Providentie, esset gratificat per li functionarios de IALA de plu mult materiale informativ quam li altres e noi va dunc permisser nos considerar su pretention quam ne plu mult quam un tre innocent fanfaronada. Tamen, un cose sembla cert: Li factes queles noi raporta in supra monstra que it ne sufice haver a su disposition un rich materiale de documentaion. On deve ancor saver interpretar it. E con omni respecte quel noi have por li grand ardore de Sr. Berger, noi time que su autoritá quam futur historiograf del mundlingue ha recivet un colpe decisiv quande noi constata que omni conclusiones queles il ha laborosimen tirat ex ti unic documentation es qualificat quam totalmen fals per li actor principal del pezze. COSMOGLOTTA</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>Nota</strong>. Li subsignate ha recivet un tam grand númere de lettres aprobativ concernent su &#8220;Response a Sr. Berger&#8221; e su articul &#8220;<a href="http://www.interlingue.com/2006/12/03/li-splittre-e-li-trave/">Li splittre e li trave</a>&#8220;, publicat in Cosmoglotta 196, que it es le materialmen impossibil, responder individualmen a su amabil corespondentes. Il dunc permisse se, usar li hospedalitá de Cosmoglotta por dir les quant il aprecia lor spontan manifestation de simpatie e por mersiar les omnes tre sincermen pro lor preciosi incorageamentes e apoy. <em>A. Matejka</em></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>NOTA DEL REDACTION:</strong> Li supra articul ja stat scrit quande noi recivet li nov circulare de Sr. Berger in quel ti-ci responde al lettres de Prof. Martinet. Con un luxu de detallies Sr. Berger interprende pruvar que Prof. M. erra in su presentation del factes e que il, (Berger), es sol competent por explicar e interpretar li ver convictiones personal de su colocutor. Noi vell voluntarimen discusser amicalmen con Sr. Berger omni punctus de divergentie queles existe inter nos, ma it monstra se que un discussion seriosi e objectiv con il es simplicmen impossibil. <strong>Su maniere de polemisar monstra que il rarmen prende li pena leer un lettre atentivmen e quande il detecte in it argumentes desfacilmen refutabil, il simplicmen supresse les o responde apu li question.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Con astonament noi vide que malgré li tre clar explicationes queles furnit le Prof. Martinet pri li conditiones a queles il esset subjectet durant li periode de su colaboration active a IALA, Sr. Berger continua ignorar les. Il sembla esser íncapabil comprender que li convictiones de un scientist ne posse esser altricos quam li fidel reflexe des resultates efectiv de su reserchas e que pro to ili anc necessimen varia con tis-ci. Ma que su propri convictiones ha, desde 1953, ne solmen levimen variat, ma descrit un rotation de 180 gradus, to sembla le tre natural.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li personal querelle quel Sr. Berger ha startat con Prof. Martinet ne concerne nos directmen, ma noi ha judicat bon recomendar a Prof. Martinet far quam noi e ne continuar perdir su preciosi témpor in un discussion con un adversario con quel il va nequande successar haver li ultim parol.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi ha in ti numeró de Cosmoglotta dit quo noi havet a dir in response al recent polemicas de Sr. Berger. Per li supra declaration noi clude irrevocabilmen li discussion. Noi have coses plu inteligent a far e nov taches plu urgent atende nos.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong>************</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong>UN AFERE PERSONAL</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mult de nor amicos ha recivet un circulare de Sr. Ric. Berger, titulat &#8220;Esque le judicio de IALA non ha essite impartial?&#8221;. In ti pamflete, destinat a justificar li labores e li action de IALA, li autor refere se a lettres e documtentes queles yo misset le por su information <em>confidential e privat</em>. Or, il ne solmen divulga li contenete de ti documentes, ma ancor regreta publicmen ne har comettet ti indiscretion ja desde li comensa.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Sur li págines 5 del sam pamflete, Sr. Berger prova ridiculisar mi oposition al <strong><span style="COLOR: #ff0000"><strong>arcaismes</strong></span></strong> de ILa, afirmante que it esset yo self qui, in mi lettre del 28.1.49 a Dr. Gode, intervenit che IALA por far acceptar les. <strong style="COLOR: #0000ff">Li veritá es que, in ti lettre yo ne solmen ne recomendat li arcaismes, ma in contrari combattet les quam íncompatibil con li exigenties de un L.I. modern.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Ti parte capital de mi lettre es escamotat in su pamflete e viceat per un altri in quel yo recomenda tolerar li ortografie historic apu li ortografie simplificat. Pro que it es permisset creder que Sr. Berger es ancor sat inteligent por saver far li distintion inter &#8220;<em>ortografie historic</em>&#8221; e &#8220;<em>arcaismes</em>&#8220;, <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">yo ne posse vider, in su presentation del factes, altricos quam li prova recurrer a un conscient falsification del real statu del coses, por far dir me exactmen lu contrari de to quo yo ha dit in realitá</strong>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Yo have null desir sequer Sr. Berger sur un tam bass nivelle de polemica. Chascun letor de Cosmoglotta mey judicar por se self esque li conduida de Sr. Berger concernent tam li divulgation de documentes confidential quam su ataccas directet contra me personalmen, apare le compatibil con li universal notion de probitá e con li maniere de acter quel on expecta de un gentleman.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><em>L. M. De Guesnet<br/>President Interlingue Union.</em></p>
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			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/10/nor-relationes/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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		<item>
		<title>ILUSIONES?</title>
		<link>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/09/ilusiones/</link>
		<comments>http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/09/ilusiones/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Mar 2007 21:08:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Grammatica]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Historie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IALA]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Introduction]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Lingues]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Occidental-Ie]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Ric Berger]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.interlingue.com/2007/03/09/ilusiones/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 DANGEROSI ILUSIONES . . . .
On save que li labores de IALA es hodie sat avansat por que on posse previder quel forme de lingue va esser finalmen adoptet. Li &#8220;variante&#8221; quel, del quar projectes, sembla incontrar li max grand favore in li sondages che li publica es tam proxim a Occidental, o al [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[6Aletheia4 <p><strong style="FONT-SIZE: 1.5em; COLOR: #0000ff">DANGEROSI ILUSIONES . . . .</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>On save que li labores de IALA es hodie sat avansat por que on posse previder quel forme de lingue va esser finalmen adoptet. Li &#8220;variante&#8221; quel, del quar projectes, sembla incontrar li max grand favore in li sondages che li publica <span style="COLOR: #ff0000">es tam proxim a Occidental, o al Mundolingue de Lott</span>, que practicmen omni tri sembla dialectes de un sam lingue. It es mem curiosi constatar que: <span style="COLOR: #ff0000">li paroles de IALA, diferent de Occ., trova se sovente in Auli</span>, li lingue usat de E de Wahl ante li publication de Occidental, ma viceat plu tard del actuales, pos pluri annus de experienties.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi ne dúbita pri li alt competentie del functionarios de IALA. Si li final resultates de lor labores interlinguistic es <strong><span style="COLOR: #0080ff"><strong>un projecte tam simil a Occ.,</strong></span></strong> it ne apartene al Occidentalistes negar o mem contestar li perspicacitá de ti linguistes!!!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi es pret colaborar con ili, aportante a ili nor long experientie de propagatores, ma antey it sembla nos necessi examinar junt con ili alcun conditiones de labor quel inquieta nos un poc.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Li tache a acompleer.</span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Desde quande IALA labora sur li solid terren del internationalitá e del naturalitá, Cosmoglotta ne mancat un ocasion interessar su letores a ti interprense. Just pro ti simpatie noi crede bon parlar francmen e signalar li dangere de ilusiones quel sembla reyer che alcun membres de ti association.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi audit un die un pictor confesser: <em>far un pictura es facil a me, lu max desfacil es vendir it</em>!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li autores de lingues international trova se in li sam situation quam ti pictor: <strong><span style="COLOR: #0080ff"><strong>inventer e publicar un idioma es un operation relativmen facil. Lu max desfacil es far parlar li altres in ti lingue!</strong></span></strong> To postula un energie e un tenacitá mult plu considerabil quam composir un vocabularium o un gramatica. Li moné ne sufice por crear un &#8220;movement&#8221;. De 1907 a 1914 Couturat, li francesi filosof, ha expenset, on pretende, plu quam 250000Fr, valore corespondant hodie a circa 1 million de sviss Fr., solmen por <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">difuser</span> su Ido. <strong>Ma u es Ido hodie?</strong> E tamen Couturat ne hat negliget li altri factores de successe. Su Delegation reunit li max alt competenties de Europa. Li organisation de ti pulic judicie esset admirabil, ma li grand erra de ti areopage esset creder que it sufice &#8220;votar&#8221; pri li formes del lingues por far viver li nov lingue.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Pos li separation del Delegation, Couturat restat quasi sol por interprender li exhaustent labor de propaganda. Li altri &#8220;judicantes&#8221; quam Leau, Ostwald, Stead, Jespersen, etc., considerant lor tache quam finit, retraet se in li passivitá. Lansar sur li mercate un nov lingue international es in facte declarar li guerre al altres, e quande on declara un guerre, omnes deve servir quam soldates, e ne solmen assister li combattes quam spectatores. Esque omni functionarios de IALA es pret defender lor flagga per lor tot fortie?</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Quam monstra li exemple de Anglic citat in li ultim nro de Cosm. li moné sol ne posse dar durabil resultate: un armé de pioneros devoet es necessi por victer li indiferentie del publica e convicter li partisanes de altri projectes. Ti pioneros va dever laborar gratuitmen, nam li publicationes va custar mult, e li moné de IALA va apen suficer por financiar li unesim índispensabil manuales, e in quelc landes solmen.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">On va forsan responder nos que IALA have plu quam li moné: li influentie, nam it es apoyat de scientistes, de jurnalistes, etc, a it ha penetrat in li circules del linguistes, mem in li Unesco.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi ne contesta, ma li Delegation, in 1907, esset apoyat de 310 societés in li tot munde, e hat recivet li adhesion de plu quam 1000 conosset scientistes, comerciantes, functionarios, un apoy quel hodie IALA certmen ne ha retrovat in tal gradu. Or ne un sol de ti 310 societés, e apen quelc notabilitás hant adheret ha efectivmen usat li lingue del Delagation pos su publication in 1908. Vermen li anteyan experienties es deceptiv e doce nos que on ne deve fider tro mult li apoy &#8220;oficial&#8221;. Li future del L.I. va depender ante omnicos del entusiasme e del tenacitá de su adeptes.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Bentost li lucta.</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">It ne es in li natura del homes abandonar facilmen un afere amat, a quel on ha consacrat su vive. Si li Occidentalistes va probabilmen auxiliar IALA pro li similitá de lor ideale interlinguistic on ne deve esperar li sam adhesion del ultim ínreductibil Idistes e precipue del grand masse del Esperantistes.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Quo va evenir es facil divinar: un oposition faruchi, un obstruction sin compate. Li IAL/ISTES va dever subtener un terribil lucta per li plum e li parlada por defender omni punctus de lor gramatica e de lor vocabulariium, combatter contra omni species de prejudicas expandet del adversarios del naturalitá. Nam on ne deve creder que li Esp/istos, pos har oposit se per lor tot forties suscessivmen a Idiom Neutral, Ido e Occidental, va subitmen cessar lor foy e plorar de tendresse avan li nov projecte parturit de IALA!!!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Dunc li lucta va esser long e penibil. Volent o ne volent, nor confratres IAL/istes va esser obligat descender in li arena por conquestar li publica per li fortie de lor argumentes contra li old conception del lingue international. Ili, quel til hodie reprochat nos expenser nor témpor in &#8220;ínutil polemicas&#8221; va esser fortiat in lor torne polemicar pro li sam causes. Noi atende les con curiositá in ti situation por vider esque ili va obtener resultates practic sin controverses!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">It es exter dúbita que por converter li Esp/istes e Idistes, li IAL/istes va dever organisar lor propaganda quam nos. E nor documentes e demonstrationes, queles on qualifica quam &#8220;agressiv o polemical&#8221;, on va esser content trovar les tot pret por servir li nov doctrine. Nooi posse mem dir que nor prospectes, del unesim til li ultim vell posser esser utilisat sin change, e vicente solmen li nómine de Occidental por ti del nov lingue.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Li objectiones nationalistic.</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li argumentes quel li concurrentes de IALA naturalmen va esser de natura politic, in prim ti-ci: <em>Li lingue de IALA es promoet del capitalistes del Occidente, durante que Esp/o esset creat de un humil hom del russ popul</em>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Pri Occidental ti argument social e politic esset facilmen refutabil pro que de Wahl esset just un hom del ost e del nord, ancian russ oficero. Del latere sentimental tam potent che omni popules, li position de Occidental esset melior quam ti del lingue de IALA.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Teoricmen it deve esser tot egal esque un invention veni de un land o de un altri, precipue quande ti invention es destinat a infortiar li pace, ma pro que it acte ci far admisser al popules slav e germanic un lingue international basat sur li romanitá, it esset un chance que su autor esset just un cive russ de german origine. Li objection nationalistic esset talmen anihilat per un specie de compensation. In contrari, si un lingue de aparentie extremoccidental es creat e promoet de Franceses e Americanes, it va esser plu desfacil avitar li critica de un partialitá national. Noi posse errar in nor previsiones, e tamen . . .</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Li question del reformes.</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Un altri facte es anc a previder: <em>Li elaboration de un L.I. es un interpren tam complicat que it ne posse esser fat per un sol colpe</em>. Ajustamentes successiv va sempre monstrar se necessi pos un poc de practica. Quam omni inventiones, li L.I. deve passar per li &#8220;banca de provas&#8221;, precipue quande on vole far de it li max bon L.I.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Til hodie omni lingues international intrant in li practica besonat ameliorationes, de queles li creation sur papere ne posset decelar li necessitá. Ti reformes constituet sempre li grand sucie del autores de L.I. e causat li desunion inter li ductores de chascun movement.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Ni Volapül, ni Esperanto, in Ido, ni mem Occidental escapat ti fatal e genant lege del interlinguistica, e Deo save quant omni ti projectes esset cuidosimen perfinit ante publication!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Mem in un sistema naturalistic, de quel li elementes es max stabil, mult detallies deve esser fixat pos long experimentationes.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Si por exemple IALA accepta li articul <em>le</em>, quam Lott ante un demi secul, it es possibil que ti articul masculin avan feminin nómines choca tant que on va dever finalmen preferer li articul <em>li</em>, secun li exemple de Wahl e Jespersen (Novial).</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Sammen, it es possibil que, pos har usat in comensa <em>ph, th, y</em> in li nómines de grec origiine, on va preferer li simplification <em>f, t, i</em>; etc por un tre grand númere de detallies ortografic e gramatical. It sufice sequer li historie de Ido de 1907 a ho-annu por comprender quant trublas causa li evolution linguistic in li propaganda pro li continui ajustation del manuales e del literatura al changes in li lngue.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">To anc significa que on va dever organisar li long e minutiosi perfinition del lingue per li medie de decisiones fat de un autoritativ corporation international. E it ne es cert que li primitiv decisiones votat de IALA in New-York va esser sanctionat de un academie international composit de membres apartenent a altri nationes de lingue ne anglesi o francesi. Li opiniones es sovente tre divergent secun li vise-punctu national!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Li sondages fat in diversi landes ne es un garantie por li future. <strong><span style="COLOR: #0080ff"><strong>Quande on vide un projecte por li unesim vez on sovente aproba sin reflexion formes quel on plu tard vell renunciar pos har practicat les. Li principie es un cose, li practica es un altri, e li practica ne confirma sempre li teorie.</strong></span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi bon memora, por exemple, <strong style="COLOR: #804000">que aprendente Esperanto in 1912, noi esset in comensa ravisset aprender que mersi al acusative, on posset interverter li partes de un frase sin riscar un erra pri li subjecte, ma bentost li practica monstrat nos que ti avantage esset presc null, durante que li usation del acusative obligatori devenit rapidmen íntolerabil</strong>.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Dunc IALA va esser obligat previder ne solmen li edition de <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">un</span> manuale e de un duplic lexico por chascun lingue national, ma <span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">pluri</span> successiv tales, por sempre conformar li lingue al decisiones votat, con omni riscas de editiones ne exhaustet. E noi ne parla pri li personale competent a ingagear, pri li garanties a dar al editores! On ne deve obliviar que it es just pro ti interesses de editores que Couturat, in 1907, chocat se contra un ínreductibil oposition che li popul esperantistic.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Li Lingue de IALA e Occidental</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Noi leet recentmen li opinion de un representante de IALA, secun quel li lingue de ti association &#8220;<em>va aportar li solution desirat al profanes queles Occidental ne seductet til hodie</em>&#8220;.</p>
<p>Esque on seriosimen crede que omni profanes, sequet del adversarios de Occ. va reciver Interlingua de IALA con li entusiasme quel noi til hodie ne successat avigilar?</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>Li variante proposit de IALA in li ultim moment es tam proxim a Occ. que li diferenties in prim visu es apen perceptibil, e concerne ad-ultra solmen secundari formes.</strong> <strong style="COLOR: #ff0000">Li objectiones quel on fa hodie a Occ. on va far les con li sam obstination al lingue de IALA, nam on ne va pretender que usante <em>le</em> vice <em>li</em>, <em>mesme</em> vice <em>sam</em>, li lingue va subitmen far cader omni prejudices e crear li unitá del partisanes del L.I.</strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="COLOR: #000000">Null de nor contraditores ha</span> motivat til hodie su oposition per li formes linguistic trovabil in Occ. e ne in li projectes presentat de IALA. In contrari noi constatat que omni assertet &#8220;<em>defectes</em>&#8221; decovrit in Occ. de su criticantes (de Beaufront, Jespersen, Jakob, Manders) retrova se, sin que un sol manca, in li projecte preferet de IALA!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">In lor ocules poc importa que it es dit &#8220;<em>povar, pover, poter,</em> o <em>posser</em>&#8220;. Li essential pecca por ili jace in li derivation ne sat geometric (secun lor guste!), ne sat logic o autonom (Ti ultim argument es in ceteri fals, quam ha demonstrat sr. Matejka in Cosm. 136). It acte se pri <strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">du conceptiones del L.I</span></strong>., e in ti antagonisme IAL trova se con nos in li sam campe, contra li sam adversarios!</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong>E mem si existe partisanes del naturalitá ne adherent de Occ. IALA ne deve tro calcular con ili, nam li pluparte es independentes quel nequí o nequó va satisfar. Il nequande va aportar auxilie al altres ma expecta que li altres apoya lor idés sin restrictiones: eterni descontentes.</strong> [vide auxlang, etc. hodie, Red.]</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><strong><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Un resultate nociv?</span></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Un ultim eventualitá es ancor a previder: it ne es cert que li futuri lingue de IALA va esser superior a Occidental, anc del vise-punctu del Occidente. Mem in un sistema naturalistic on posse tre bon imaginar variantes de egal valore: paroles quam <em>lingua, strada, poter, io</em>, etc., es probabilmen tam bon justificat per seriosi argumentes quam <em>lingue, strade, posser, yo,</em> etc.</p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Pluri variantes tre proxim li un altri posse coexister, inter queles it v